Design of a Soft Real-Time Web System for Monitoring Greenhouse Climate Using Arduino Platform and ESP32

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

10.22103/bbr.2026.27194.1150

Abstract

Greenhouse crops are highly sensitive to fluctuations in environmental parameters; their survival and productivity depend heavily on maintaining optimal conditions. With the global expansion of greenhouse cultivation, including in Iran, intelligent climate monitoring systems have become essential. This project designs a smart system for monitoring greenhouse climates using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Three key parameters―temperature, relative air humidity, and light intensity―are measured in real time and displayed on a web-based user interface. The microcontroller connects to the internet via Wi-Fi and transmits data collected by the DHT11 and GY-30 sensors to a web server using the HTTP protocol, enabling remote monitoring. The system utilizes cost-effective hardware, specifically the ESP32 board, and software tools like the Arduino IDE for data processing and communication. Key features include dynamic color changes of graphical gauges based on parameter status, automatic data updates every minute, a soft real-time display of the last update time, and visual alert mechanisms for critical conditions. Comparisons with related studies show that this system delivers reliable performance and is suitable for various greenhouse applications while maintaining simplicity and low cost.

Keywords

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Biomechanism and Bioenergy Research
Volume 5, Issue 2
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Pages 31-45

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History

  • Receive Date: 21 February 2026
  • Revise Date: 14 March 2026
  • Accept Date: 01 May 2026

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