Design and Evaluating a Hydraulic Pelletizing Machine for Producing Feed Pellets from Pistachio Shells

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

2 Department of Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Due to the shortage of water resources and frequent droughts, optimizing the use of food resources to provide feed for animal is an important issue. In this study, pistachio shells were collected and stored in open air environment to reduce their moisture content. Then, they were powdered using a grinder to produce pellets using a developed hydraulic pelletizer, and the mechanical properties of the produced pellets were measured using a biological material testing machine. An experimental design with four factors, including moisture levels of 15 and 20%, particle sizes of 0.6 and 1 mm, mold diameters of 8 and 10 mm, and compression pressures of 6,000, 8,000 and 11,000 kPa, was carried out in a completely randomized design. The density, fracture energy, and toughness of the produced pellets were measured. The results showed that the independent effects of moisture, mold diameter, and compression pressure were significant on all the above properties (P ≤ 0.05), and the effect of particle size was significant on the density and toughness of the pellets (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, some of their interactions had a significant effect on the density, fracture energy, and toughness of the pellets (P ≤ 0.05). The coefficient of variation and determination coefficient were 1.92% and R2= 0.83 for density, 25.42% and R2= 0.49 for fracture energy, and 66.23%, R2= 0.41 for pellet toughness, respectively. Therefore, producing pellets from pistachio shell waste can be a good option to reduce transportation costs, produce Animal feed, and reduce environmental pollution.

Keywords

References

American Association of Cereal Chemists. Approved Methods Committee. (2000). Approved methods of the American association of cereal chemists. AACC.‏
Abdollahi, M., Ravindran, V., & Svihus, B. (2013). Pelleting of broiler diets: An overview with emphasis on pellet quality and nutritional value. Animal feed science and technology, 179(1-4), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.10.011
ASABE, A. (2006). ASAE S319. 3—method of determining and expressing fineness of feed materials by sieving, ASABE Standards, 602–605, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, MI.
ASABE, A. (2007). S269. 4–cubes, pellets, and crumbles–definitions and methods for determining density, durability, and moisture content, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Standards, St. Joseph, MI, USA, 624-626.
Fasina, O. O. (2008). Physical properties of peanut hull pellets. Bioresource technology, 99(5), 1259-1266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.02.041
Ghasemi, S., Naserian, A. A., Valizadeh, R., Tahmasebi, A., Vakili, A., & Behgar, M. (2012). Effects of pistachio by-product in replacement of lucerne hay on microbial protein synthesis and fermentative parameters in the rumen of sheep. Animal Production Science, 52(11), 1052-1057. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN11287
Hamedan, I. (2023). The Effects of Moisture Content, Temperature, and Compaction Pressure on the Compressibility of Animal Feed Pellets Produced From Green Pistachio Shell Residues. Journal of Nuts, 14(2), 113-128.
Kaliyan, N., & Morey, R. V. (2009). Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. Biomass and bioenergy, 33(3), 337-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.08.005
Laei, K., Hajiagha Aliazdeh, H., & Kianmehr, M. H. (2023). Investigating the application of two industrial and designed device pelletizing machines to produce pellets from green pistachio shell residues and their antinutritional compounds. Animal Production, 25(3), 343-356.
Mani, S., Tabil, L. G., & Sokhansanj, S. (2006). Effects of compressive force, particle size and moisture content on mechanical properties of biomass pellets from grasses. Biomass and bioenergy, 30(7), 648-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.01.004
Monedero, E., Portero, H., & Lapuerta, M. (2015). Pellet blends of poplar and pine sawdust: Effects of material composition, additive, moisture content and compression die on pellet quality. Fuel Processing Technology, 132, 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.12.013
Shakeri, P., Hoseini Ghafari, M., & Fazaeli, H. (2017). Pistachio by-product as a forage source for ruminant nutrition: A review (Part B: Ammonia, microbial protein synthesis, fermentation, and biohydrogenation in the rumen, methane, and blood metabolites). Animal Sciences Journal, 29(113), 99-110.
Smith, I., Probert, S., Stokes, R., & Hansford, R. (1977). The briquetting of wheat straw. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 22(2), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8634(77)90054-3
Soleymani, M., Mirzaee, A., Bahrami, H., & Norouzi Masir, M. (2022). Using Biogas Derived Digestate of Chicken Manure for Wheat Crop Fertilization: A Laboratory-Scale Investigation. Biomechanism and Bioenergy Research, 1(1), 47-54. 10.22103/BBR.2022.19217.1011
Stasiak, M., Molenda, M., Bańda, M., Wiącek, J., Parafiniuk, P., & Gondek, E. (2017). Mechanical and combustion properties of sawdust—Straw pellets blended in different proportions. Fuel Processing Technology, 156, 366-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.09.021
Supriya, P., Rajni, B., & Rana, A. (2012). Pelletization techniques: A literature review. International research journal of pharmacy, 3(3), 43-47.
Taghavi, H., Naserian, A. A., Valizadeh, R., Asoodeh, A., & Haghparast, A. R. (2020). Influence of ruminal pistachio by-products aqueous extract infusion on nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation parameters in Baluchi male sheep. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 12(2).
Terrill, T., Mosjidis, J., Moore, D., Shaik, S., Miller, J., Burke, J., . . . Wolfe, R. (2007). Effect of pelleting on efficacy of sericea lespedeza hay as a natural dewormer in goats. Veterinary parasitology, 146(1-2), 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.02.005
Theerarattananoon, K., Xu, F., Wilson, J., Ballard, R., Mckinney, L., Staggenborg, S., . . . Wang, D. (2011). Physical properties of pellets made from sorghum stalk, corn stover, wheat straw, and big bluestem. Industrial Crops and Products, 33(2), 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.11.014
Tumuluru, J., Tabil, L., Song, Y., Iroba, K., & Meda, V. (2015). Impact of process conditions on the density and durability of wheat, oat, canola, and barley straw briquettes. Bioenergy research, 8, 388-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-014-9527-4
Tumuluru, J. S. (2014). Effect of process variables on the density and durability of the pellets made from high moisture corn stover. Biosystems engineering, 119, 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2013.11.012
Tumuluru, J. S. (2021). Biomass Densification: Systems, Particle Binding, Process Conditions, Quality Attributes, Conversion Performance, and International Standards. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62888-8
Tumuluru, J. S., Wright, C. T., Hess, J. R., & Kenney, K. L. (2011). A review of biomass densification systems to develop uniform feedstock commodities for bioenergy application. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 5(6), 683-707. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.324
Vasta, V., Nudda, A., Cannas, A., Lanza, M., & Priolo, A. (2008). Alternative feed resources and their effects on the quality of meat and milk from small ruminants. Animal feed science and technology, 147(1-3), 223-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.09.020
Zafari, A., & Kianmehr, M. (2014). Factors affecting mechanical properties of biomass pellet from compost. Environmental technology, 35(4), 478-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2013.833639
Biomechanism and Bioenergy Research
Volume 2, Issue 2
December 2023
Pages 112-129

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 November 2023
  • Revise Date: 09 December 2023
  • Accept Date: 25 December 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics